Orestis Delardas

As climate action accelerates, global efforts to decarbonise energy systems are driving a surge in energy transition research. While economic models of technological change and innovation have traditionally dominated the field, a growing body of socio-technical research is reshaping our understanding by framing energy transitions as deeply social and political processes. However, existing analyses still struggle to fully integrate the influence of political dynamics, institutional power structures, and societal movements.

The paper reviews socio-political dynamics, highlighting the critical role of advocacy coalitions in shaping energy transitions. Bound together by shared narratives, cultural norms, and interests, these coalitions influence institutions, governments and public discourse, highlighting the power of political agency in energy transitions. The research also underscores policy as a crucial tool, shaped by domestic and global politics, economic conditions, and public perception.

Ultimately, the pathways to successful energy transitions are neither linear nor purely technical—they are dynamic, contested, and deeply intertwined with political and social forces. Understanding these dimensions is key to crafting effective policies and drive impactful change.